periodontitis: An inflammatory disease that affects the periodontium-the tissues that surround and support the teeth–and can lead to tooth loss.

Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions.

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis.

Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease.

The 1999 classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions listed seven major categories of periodontal diseases, of which the last six are termed destructive periodontal disease because the damage is essentially irreversible.

Smoking is a factor that increases the occurrence of periodontitis.

The severity of disease refers to the amount of periodontal ligament fibers that have been lost, termed clinical attachment loss.

Generally, six probing sites around each tooth are recorded, as follows: mesiobuccal, mid-buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, mid-lingual, and distolingual.

The extent of disease refers to the proportion of the dentition affected by the disease in terms of percentage of sites.

Periodontitis is caused by microorganisms that adhere to and grow on the tooth’s surfaces.

Symptoms may include the following: redness or bleeding of gums, gum swelling that recurs, spitting out blood after brushing teeth, halitosis, or bad breath, and a persistent metallic taste in the mouth, gingival recession, resulting in apparent lengthening of teeth, deep pockets between the teeth and the gums, and loose teeth

In the early stages, periodontitis has very few symptoms and in many individuals the disease has progressed significantly before they seek treatment.

Once successful periodontal treatment has been completed, with or without surgery, an ongoing regimen of “periodontal maintenance” is required.

Other contributors are poor nutrition and underlying medical issues such as diabetes. The primary etiology (cause) of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene which leads to the accumulation of a mycotic and bacterial matrix at the gum line, called dental plaque.Several conditions and diseases, including Down syndrome, diabetes, and other diseases that affect one’s resistance to infection also increase susceptibility to periodontitis.There are many surgical approaches used in treatment of advanced periodontitis, including open flap debridement, osseous surgery, as well as guided tissue regeneration and bone grafting.Daily oral hygiene measures to prevent periodontal disease include brushing and flossing daily and using an antiseptic mouthwash.Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis.

The primary cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene which leads to the accumulation dental plaque at the gum line. Gingivitis, or inflammation of the gums, is a non-destructive peridontal disease.The gingival inflammation and bone destruction of peridontitis are largely painless. Periodontitis is caused by microorganisms that adhere to and grow on the tooth ‘s surfaces, along with an overly aggressive immune response against these microorganisms.Periodontitis involves progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth, and if left untreated, can lead to the loosening and subsequent loss of teeth. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium, or the tissues that surround and support the teeth.Peridontal tissues are the cementum, or the outer layer of the roots of teeth the gingiva, or gums the alveolar bone, or the bony sockets into which the teeth are anchored and the periodontal ligament, which are the connective tissue fibers that run between the cementum and the alveolar bone.

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